The initial experiment with Western parliamentary institutions under British tutelage was cut short by World War II. Popular elections to choose indigenous members for the legislature were introduced, and the colonial government embarked on a program designed to lead to eventual self-government for Burma. These concessions came in response to nationalist agitation.
The Myanmar Socialist Program party was made the only legal political organization.īeginning in the 1920s, and increasingly in the late 1930s, Western educated Burmese were allowed to participate to some degree in government decision making. In 1962 General Ne Win led a coup abolishing the constitution and establishing a xenophobic military government with socialist economic priorities. But rebellions by Burma's minorities continued and there was also opposition to U Nu's plan to make Buddhism the state religion. Civilian power was resorted 18 months later. In 1958, the military was invited in temporarily by Prime Minister U Nu to restore political order. Constitutional disputes and persistent division among political and social groups contributed to the democratic government's weak hold on power. The period from 1948 to 1962 Burma suffered widespread conflict and internal struggle. After concluding that the new government was in effective control, had the acquiescence of the people, and seemed able to discharge its international obligations and maintain friendly relations, the United States informed the new Burmese Government of its desire to maintain cordial relations. The US Department of State hesitated to extend recognition to the new regime. At 8:50 a.m., General Ne Win announced that the army had taken control in light of the “deteriorating” situation.
with the police and army securing Rangoon.
economic assistance and agreed to accept American aid for specific purposes. However, General Ne Win did rescind U Nu’s cut-off of U.S. In the previous 1958 caretaker government, General Ne Win did not shift radically from U Nu’s neutralist policies. This declaration of a neutral foreign policy follows the same pattern of the previous coup led by General Win in October 1958. The Union Revolutionary Council (URC) which was established by General Ne Win to act as an interim government, has declared that it intends to continue a “neutral” foreign policy. On 2 March 1962, General Ne Win, Chief of Staff, Burma Defense Forces, overthrew the Government of Premier U Nu in a swift bloodless coup d’etat.
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